This book delves deeply into carbon capture technologies under the "dual carbon" goals. It begins by outlining the objectives, theoretical basis, current status and implementation approaches of China's "dual carbon" strategy, followed by an analysis of the ethical implications of the "dual carbon" strategy's development. Then, it conducts a detailed study on the carbon capture characteristics of calcium-based adsorbents modified by alkali metal salts, including the influencing mechanisms, the screening of modified alkali metal salts, and the CO2 capture characteristics and methods of sea salt-modified calcium-based adsorbents. Additionally, it explores flue gas calcium-based carbon capture technology through experiments and simulations, and analyzes the economic features, influencing factors and policy recommendations of carbon capture technologies in coal-fired power plants, aiming to provide technical support and path references for the realization of the "dual carbon" goals.