This work is based on the era of knowledge economy, where people, as the carriers and users of knowledge, have become the most important capital in business operations. Effective human resource management will be the key for enterprises to maintain competitive advantages. Therefore, how to build a knowledge-oriented human resource management system to shape organizational knowledge management has become an important issue for modern enterprises. This work first takes human resource theory as the basis, and from the perspective of enterprise human resource management, conducts a comparative study of human resource management mechanisms at home and abroad, and analyzes the current situation of human resource management in state-owned enterprises in the era of knowledge economy. Through the study of actual cases, it deeply explores the characteristics of organizational innovation models and concludes the strategies for building a human resource development and management system for knowledge-based state-owned enterprises. This work aims to enable each employee to maximize their initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, so as to achieve the fundamental purpose of human resource development and management in state-owned enterprises.