Large and medium-sized optical components have significant applications in astronomical observation systems, laser nuclear fusion devices, precision optical measurement instruments, and other defense and civilian fields. Over the past decade or so, optoelectronic information technology has achieved remarkable progress. To meet the demands of this rapid development, it is necessary to seek new breakthroughs in a wide range of frontier areas, such as transmission, switching, data storage, and display technologies. Due to the close integration of modern optical industry with electronic industry, information technology, and communication technology, the application of optoelectronic technology, photonic technology, and electronic industry technology in optical manufacturing has broken through traditional concepts in the optical component and optical processing industries, such as from imaging components to functional components, and from passive components to active components. However, the strict requirements for product processing accuracy, surface/subsurface quality, and processing efficiency of large and medium-sized optical components pose a great challenge to the current optical manufacturing capabilities. As a key process in the entire production process chain of large and medium-sized optical components, the quality and efficiency of grinding play a decisive role in controlling product cost and output.