Physical education teaching is an educational activity carefully considered and organized by physical education teachers, which is based on the foundation of "what to teach, how to teach, and how to learn". From the perspective of the development of teaching practice, physical education teachers play a dominant role in classroom teaching. Therefore, the effectiveness of physical education teachers' classroom teaching to a certain extent determines the effectiveness of physical education teaching and is one of the basic directions of research on "effective teaching". Theoretically speaking, the proposal of the idea of "the effectiveness of physical education classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools" requires certain theoretical premises. Rich achievements in "effective teaching" provide a theoretical basis for the research. In order to further deepen the understanding of the effectiveness of physical education teachers' classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools, on the basis of drawing on the research results of predecessors and in combination with the orientation of educational reform in the new era, this paper sorts out the theoretical basis and performance characteristics of the effectiveness of physical education teachers' classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools.